[{"specimen":"Fanciulli 4","sex":"M","mya":0.011,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Italy","bm":82.5,"bm_lo":66,"bm_hi":99,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Trinkaus & Ruff 2012)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Estimate from Trinkaus et al. (2014)"},{"specimen":"Fanciulli 5","sex":"F","mya":0.011,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Italy","bm":52.1,"bm_lo":41.7,"bm_hi":62.5,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Trinkaus & Ruff 2012)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Estimate from Trinkaus et al. (2014)"},{"specimen":"Chancelade 1","sex":"M","mya":0.012,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"France","bm":67.4,"bm_lo":53.9,"bm_hi":80.8,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":159.8,"st_lo":143.8,"st_hi":175.8,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Ruff et al. (1997); Testut (1889); Vandermeersch (1981). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Oberkassel 1","sex":"M","mya":0.012,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Germany","bm":75.1,"bm_lo":60.1,"bm_hi":90.1,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":174.8,"st_lo":157.3,"st_hi":192.3,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Ruff et al. (1997); Vandermeersch (1981). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Oberkassel 2","sex":"F","mya":0.012,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Germany","bm":58.8,"bm_lo":47,"bm_hi":70.5,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":146.5,"st_lo":131.9,"st_hi":161.2,"st_el":"Upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Billy (1975); Ruff et al. (1997). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Cap Blanc 1","sex":"F","mya":0.014,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"France","bm":59.4,"bm_lo":47.5,"bm_hi":71.3,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":160.8,"st_lo":144.7,"st_hi":176.9,"st_el":"Upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Billy (1975); Ruff et al. (1997). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Gough's Cave 1","sex":"M","mya":0.0147,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"England","bm":70.1,"bm_lo":56.1,"bm_hi":84.1,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":168,"st_lo":151.2,"st_hi":184.8,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (2003). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Mirón 1","sex":"F","mya":0.0155,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Spain","bm":56.9,"bm_lo":45.6,"bm_hi":68.3,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":160.7,"st_lo":158.1,"st_hi":165.1,"st_el":"Foot (Talus/Calcaneus/MtI-IV)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Carretero et al. (2015). Stature and BM own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Minatogawa 1","sex":"M","mya":0.017,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Japan","bm":63.3,"bm_lo":50.6,"bm_hi":76,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":152.9,"st_lo":137.6,"st_hi":168.2,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Baba & Endo (1982). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Minatogawa 2","sex":"F","mya":0.017,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Japan","bm":48.5,"bm_lo":38.8,"bm_hi":58.3,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":144.8,"st_lo":130.3,"st_hi":159.3,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Baba & Endo (1982). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Minatogawa 3","sex":"F","mya":0.017,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Japan","bm":50.8,"bm_lo":40.7,"bm_hi":61,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":149.3,"st_lo":134.4,"st_hi":164.2,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Baba & Endo (1982). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Minatogawa 4","sex":"F","mya":0.017,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Japan","bm":47.4,"bm_lo":37.9,"bm_hi":56.9,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":147.7,"st_lo":132.9,"st_hi":162.5,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Baba & Endo (1982). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Minatogawa Q","sex":null,"mya":0.017,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Japan","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":162.1,"st_lo":157,"st_hi":167.3,"st_el":"Foot (MtIV max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Baba & Endo (1982). Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a)"},{"specimen":"Zhoukoudian-UC 105","sex":null,"mya":0.018,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"China","bm":71.8,"bm_lo":57.4,"bm_hi":86.2,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Trinkaus & Ruff 2012)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Estimate from Trinkaus et al. (2014)"},{"specimen":"Zhoukoudian-UC 117","sex":null,"mya":0.018,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"China","bm":59,"bm_lo":47.2,"bm_hi":70.8,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Trinkaus & Ruff 2012)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Estimate from Trinkaus et al. (2014)"},{"specimen":"Kubbaniya 1","sex":null,"mya":0.0185,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Egypt","bm":71.8,"bm_lo":57.4,"bm_hi":86.2,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Trinkaus & Ruff 2012)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Estimate from Trinkaus et al. (2014)"},{"specimen":"Mittlere Klause 1","sex":null,"mya":0.0186,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Germany","bm":72,"bm_lo":57.6,"bm_hi":86.4,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Trinkaus & Ruff 2012)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Estimate from Trinkaus et al. (2014)"},{"specimen":"Ohalo 2","sex":"M","mya":0.019,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Israel","bm":74.9,"bm_lo":59.9,"bm_hi":89.8,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":175,"st_lo":157.5,"st_hi":192.5,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Ruff et al. (1997); Trinkaus & Ruff (2012); Gómez-Olivencia (Pers. Comm). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Paglicci 25","sex":"F","mya":0.023,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Italy","bm":61.7,"bm_lo":49.4,"bm_hi":74,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":170.4,"st_lo":153.4,"st_hi":187.4,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Ruff et al. (1997); Trinkaus (2011). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Veneri 1","sex":"M","mya":0.024,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Italy","bm":77.1,"bm_lo":61.7,"bm_hi":92.6,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":177.1,"st_lo":159.4,"st_hi":194.8,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (2011). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Veneri 2","sex":"F","mya":0.024,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Italy","bm":74.2,"bm_lo":59.3,"bm_hi":89,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":173.2,"st_lo":155.9,"st_hi":190.5,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (2011). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Barma Grande 2","sex":"M","mya":0.0245,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Italy","bm":82.3,"bm_lo":65.9,"bm_hi":98.8,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":188.8,"st_lo":169.9,"st_hi":207.7,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Ruff et al. (1997); Trinkaus (2011). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Caviglione 1","sex":"F","mya":0.025,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Italy","bm":68.1,"bm_lo":54.4,"bm_hi":81.7,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":175.1,"st_lo":157.6,"st_hi":192.6,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Ruff et al. (1997); Trinkaus (2011). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Předmostí 1","sex":"F","mya":0.0255,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Czech Republic","bm":56.5,"bm_lo":45.2,"bm_hi":67.8,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":153.7,"st_lo":138.3,"st_hi":169.1,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Ruff et al. (1997); Trinkaus (2011). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Předmostí 3","sex":"M","mya":0.0255,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Czech Republic","bm":70.1,"bm_lo":56.1,"bm_hi":84.1,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":182,"st_lo":163.8,"st_hi":200.2,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Ruff et al. (1997); Trinkaus (2011). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Předmostí 4","sex":"F","mya":0.0255,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Czech Republic","bm":70.5,"bm_lo":56.4,"bm_hi":84.7,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":168.2,"st_lo":151.4,"st_hi":185,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Billy (1975); Ruff et al. (1997); Trinkaus (2011). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Předmostí 9","sex":"M","mya":0.0255,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Czech Republic","bm":58.8,"bm_lo":47,"bm_hi":70.5,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":169.9,"st_lo":152.9,"st_hi":186.9,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Ruff et al. (1997); Trinkaus (2011). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Předmostí 10","sex":"F","mya":0.0255,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Czech Republic","bm":71.9,"bm_lo":57.5,"bm_hi":86.3,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":163.4,"st_lo":147.1,"st_hi":179.7,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Ruff et al. (1997); Trinkaus (2011). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Předmostí 14","sex":"M","mya":0.0255,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Czech Republic","bm":68.5,"bm_lo":54.8,"bm_hi":82.2,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":173.6,"st_lo":156.2,"st_hi":191,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Ruff et al. (1997); Trinkaus (2011). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Dolní Vĕstonice 3","sex":"F","mya":0.026,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Czech Republic","bm":55.8,"bm_lo":44.6,"bm_hi":67,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":163.4,"st_lo":147.1,"st_hi":179.7,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Ruff et al. (1997); Sládek et al. (2000). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Dolní Vĕstonice 13","sex":"M","mya":0.026,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Czech Republic","bm":71.2,"bm_lo":57,"bm_hi":85.5,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":171.6,"st_lo":154.4,"st_hi":188.8,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Sládek et al. (2000). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Dolní Vĕstonice 14","sex":"M","mya":0.026,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Czech Republic","bm":79.4,"bm_lo":63.5,"bm_hi":95.3,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":185,"st_lo":166.5,"st_hi":203.5,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Ruff etal. (1997); Sládek et al. (2000). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Dolní Vĕstonice 15","sex":"M","mya":0.026,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Czech Republic","bm":69.8,"bm_lo":55.8,"bm_hi":83.7,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":160.1,"st_lo":144.1,"st_hi":176.1,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Sládek et al. (2000). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Dolní Vĕstonice 16","sex":"M","mya":0.026,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Czech Republic","bm":78,"bm_lo":62.4,"bm_hi":93.6,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":174.2,"st_lo":156.8,"st_hi":191.6,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Sládek et al. (2000). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Pavlov 1","sex":null,"mya":0.026,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Czech Republic","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":186.3,"st_lo":167.7,"st_hi":204.9,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Sládek et al. (2000). Stature own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) formulae"},{"specimen":"Sunghir 1","sex":"M","mya":0.0275,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Russia","bm":78.9,"bm_lo":63.2,"bm_hi":94.7,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":183.6,"st_lo":165.2,"st_hi":201.9,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus et al. (2014). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Cro-magnon 1 (CM-1)","sex":"M","mya":0.028,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"France","bm":70.3,"bm_lo":56.3,"bm_hi":84.4,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":172.1,"st_lo":154.9,"st_hi":189.3,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from McCown & Keith (1939); Ruff et al. (1997); Trinkaus (2011). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Cro-magnon 4293","sex":null,"mya":0.028,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"France","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":173.8,"st_lo":156.4,"st_hi":191.2,"st_el":"Upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (2011). Stature own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) formulae"},{"specimen":"Cro-magnon 4297","sex":null,"mya":0.028,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"France","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":178,"st_lo":160.2,"st_hi":195.8,"st_el":"Upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (2011). Stature own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) formulae"},{"specimen":"Cro-magnon 4314","sex":"M","mya":0.028,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"France","bm":70.1,"bm_lo":56.1,"bm_hi":84.1,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (2011). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Cro-magnon 4315","sex":"M","mya":0.028,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"France","bm":73.5,"bm_lo":58.8,"bm_hi":88.2,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Ruff et al. (1997). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Cro-magnon 4317","sex":null,"mya":0.028,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"France","bm":61.7,"bm_lo":49.4,"bm_hi":74,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Ruff et al. (1997). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Cro-magnon 4321","sex":null,"mya":0.028,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"France","bm":61.3,"bm_lo":49,"bm_hi":73.5,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (2011). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Cro-magnon 4322","sex":null,"mya":0.028,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"France","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":178.9,"st_lo":161,"st_hi":196.8,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (2011). Stature own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) formulae"},{"specimen":"Cro-magnon 4324","sex":null,"mya":0.028,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"France","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":160,"st_lo":144,"st_hi":176,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (2011). Stature own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) formulae"},{"specimen":"Cro-magnon 4330","sex":null,"mya":0.028,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"France","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":173.7,"st_lo":156.3,"st_hi":191.1,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (2011). Stature own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) formulae"},{"specimen":"Cro-magnon 4337","sex":"F","mya":0.028,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"France","bm":81.1,"bm_lo":64.8,"bm_hi":97.3,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":170.2,"st_lo":169.3,"st_hi":171.1,"st_el":"Foot (Talar max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Own measurements. Stature and BM own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"Cro-magnon 4345-Bis","sex":null,"mya":0.028,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"France","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":170.6,"st_lo":166.3,"st_hi":174.9,"st_el":"Foot (MtI max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Own measurements. Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"Cro-magnon 4345","sex":null,"mya":0.028,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"France","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":171.9,"st_lo":167.6,"st_hi":176.2,"st_el":"Foot (MtI max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Own measurements. Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"Cro-magnon 4346","sex":null,"mya":0.028,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"France","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":169.6,"st_lo":164.3,"st_hi":175.2,"st_el":"Foot (MtII max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Own measurements. Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"Cro-magnon 4347","sex":null,"mya":0.028,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"France","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":169.8,"st_lo":163.8,"st_hi":176,"st_el":"Foot (MtIV max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Own measurements. Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"Cro-magnon 4348","sex":null,"mya":0.028,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"France","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":170,"st_lo":164,"st_hi":176.1,"st_el":"Foot (MtIV max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Own measurements. Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"Paviland 1","sex":"M","mya":0.028,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"England","bm":74,"bm_lo":59.2,"bm_hi":88.7,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":176.5,"st_lo":158.9,"st_hi":194.2,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (2000). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Rochette 1","sex":null,"mya":0.03,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"France","bm":66.7,"bm_lo":53.4,"bm_hi":80,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Ruff et al. (1997). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Abri Pataud 1","sex":"F","mya":0.031,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"France","bm":69.7,"bm_lo":55.8,"bm_hi":83.6,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":162.2,"st_lo":146,"st_hi":178.4,"st_el":"Upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Billy (1975) and own data. Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"Mladeč 21","sex":"F","mya":0.031,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Czech Republic","bm":65.6,"bm_lo":52.4,"bm_hi":78.7,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Trinkaus et al. (2014). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Mladeč 22","sex":null,"mya":0.031,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Czech Republic","bm":78.5,"bm_lo":62.8,"bm_hi":94.2,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Trinkaus et al. (2014). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Mladeč 24","sex":null,"mya":0.031,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Czech Republic","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":191.6,"st_lo":172.4,"st_hi":210.8,"st_el":"Upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (2011). Stature own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) formulae"},{"specimen":"Mladeč 27","sex":null,"mya":0.031,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Czech Republic","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":176.9,"st_lo":159.2,"st_hi":194.6,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (2011). Stature own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) formulae"},{"specimen":"Mladeč 30","sex":null,"mya":0.031,"taxon":"UP modern humans","country":"Czech Republic","bm":91.3,"bm_lo":73,"bm_hi":109.6,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":173.3,"st_lo":170.4,"st_hi":175.8,"st_el":"Foot (Talar max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus et al. (2006). Stature and BM own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"Spy 2","sex":"M","mya":0.033,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Belgium","bm":82.6,"bm_lo":66.1,"bm_hi":99.1,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":158.6,"st_lo":142.7,"st_hi":174.5,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Endo & Kimura (1970); Heim (1982). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Spy 25B","sex":null,"mya":0.033,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Belgium","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":161.2,"st_lo":156.5,"st_hi":165.8,"st_el":"Foot (MtI max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (in press) and Lorenzo (Pers. Comm). Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"Spy 25C","sex":null,"mya":0.033,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Belgium","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":157.9,"st_lo":153,"st_hi":162.6,"st_el":"Foot (MtI max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (in press) and Lorenzo (Pers. Comm). Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"Spy 25D","sex":null,"mya":0.033,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Belgium","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":160.3,"st_lo":155.6,"st_hi":165,"st_el":"Foot (MtI max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (in press) and Lorenzo (Pers. Comm). Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"Neandertal 1 (Feldhofer)","sex":"M","mya":0.04,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Germany","bm":81.4,"bm_lo":65.1,"bm_hi":97.7,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":165.6,"st_lo":149,"st_hi":182.2,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Heim (1982); Arsuaga et al. (2015). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Baigara (talus)","sex":"M","mya":0.04,"taxon":"?","country":"Siberia","bm":86.6,"bm_lo":69.3,"bm_hi":103.9,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":173.3,"st_lo":172.9,"st_hi":173.8,"st_el":"Foot (Talar max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Kuzmin et al. (2009). Stature and BM own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"Tianyuan 1","sex":null,"mya":0.0405,"taxon":"MP Homo sapiens","country":"China","bm":71.4,"bm_lo":57.1,"bm_hi":85.7,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":171.9,"st_lo":164.6,"st_hi":179.1,"st_el":"Foot (Talus/MtII/MtIII)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Shang & Trinkaus (2010). Stature and BM own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"La Quina H1","sex":null,"mya":0.042,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"France","bm":72.7,"bm_lo":58.1,"bm_hi":87.2,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":168.8,"st_lo":164.1,"st_hi":172.9,"st_el":"Foot (Talar max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Own measurements. Stature and BM own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"La Quina H5","sex":"F","mya":0.042,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"France","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":161,"st_lo":144.9,"st_hi":177.1,"st_el":"Upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Heim (1982); Trinkaus (2011). Stature own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) formulae"},{"specimen":"Moros de la Gabasa (Gal. Rev.439)","sex":"F","mya":0.045,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Spain","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":157.9,"st_lo":157,"st_hi":158.8,"st_el":"Foot (MtI max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Lorenzo & Montes (2001). Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a)"},{"specimen":"Sima de las Palomas 77","sex":null,"mya":0.045,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Spain","bm":66.9,"bm_lo":53.5,"bm_hi":80.3,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Walker et al. (2011b). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Sima de las Palomas 92","sex":null,"mya":0.045,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Spain","bm":63.7,"bm_lo":51,"bm_hi":76.5,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":152.6,"st_lo":137.3,"st_hi":167.9,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Walker et al. (2011a). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Sima de las Palomas 96","sex":"F","mya":0.045,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Spain","bm":61,"bm_lo":48.8,"bm_hi":73.2,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":149.2,"st_lo":134.3,"st_hi":164.1,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Walker et al. (2011a). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"La Ferrassie 1","sex":"M","mya":0.047,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"France","bm":90.5,"bm_lo":72.4,"bm_hi":108.6,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":171.6,"st_lo":154.4,"st_hi":188.8,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Heim (1982). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"La Ferrassie 2","sex":"F","mya":0.047,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"France","bm":67.8,"bm_lo":54.3,"bm_hi":81.4,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":148.7,"st_lo":133.8,"st_hi":163.6,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Heim (1982). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Shanidar 1","sex":"M","mya":0.0475,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Iraq","bm":67.8,"bm_lo":54.3,"bm_hi":81.4,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":167.2,"st_lo":150.5,"st_hi":183.9,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (1983) and own data. Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"Shanidar 2","sex":"M","mya":0.0475,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Iraq","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":154.8,"st_lo":139.3,"st_hi":170.3,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (1983). Stature own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) formulae"},{"specimen":"Shanidar 3","sex":"M","mya":0.0475,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Iraq","bm":72.7,"bm_lo":58.2,"bm_hi":87.3,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":166.4,"st_lo":149.8,"st_hi":183,"st_el":"Upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (1983). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"Shanidar 4","sex":"M","mya":0.0475,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Iraq","bm":74.6,"bm_lo":59.7,"bm_hi":89.6,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":162.5,"st_lo":146.3,"st_hi":178.8,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (1983). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Shanidar 5","sex":"M","mya":0.0475,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Iraq","bm":71.2,"bm_lo":57,"bm_hi":85.5,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":163.6,"st_lo":147.2,"st_hi":180,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (1983). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Shanidar 6","sex":"F","mya":0.0475,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Iraq","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":150.5,"st_lo":135.5,"st_hi":165.6,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (1983; 2011). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Shanidar 8","sex":"F","mya":0.0475,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Iraq","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":159.3,"st_lo":158,"st_hi":160.6,"st_el":"Foot (MtIII/IV max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (1983). Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"SDR-035+SDR-041","sex":"M","mya":0.049,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Sidrón, Spain","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":160.4,"st_lo":144.4,"st_hi":176.4,"st_el":"Upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Rosas et al. (2015). Stature own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) formulae"},{"specimen":"SDR-054+SDR-055+SDR-056","sex":"M","mya":0.049,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Sidrón, Spain","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":167.2,"st_lo":150.5,"st_hi":183.9,"st_el":"Upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Estimate from Carretero et al. (2012)"},{"specimen":"SDR-1609","sex":null,"mya":0.049,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Sidrón, Spain","bm":82.6,"bm_lo":66.1,"bm_hi":99.1,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (2011). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Fond-de-Foret 1","sex":null,"mya":0.05,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Belgium","bm":73.5,"bm_lo":58.8,"bm_hi":88.2,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (2011). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1","sex":"M","mya":0.051,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"France","bm":81.7,"bm_lo":65.3,"bm_hi":98,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":162.5,"st_lo":146.3,"st_hi":178.8,"st_el":"Upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Heim (1982); Ruff et al. (1997). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Amud 1","sex":"M","mya":0.06,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Israel","bm":72.1,"bm_lo":57.7,"bm_hi":86.6,"bm_el":"FHD1","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":175.7,"st_lo":158.1,"st_hi":193.3,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Endo & Kimura (1970); Arsuaga et al. (2015). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Kebara 2","sex":"M","mya":0.06,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Israel","bm":72.4,"bm_lo":57.9,"bm_hi":86.8,"bm_el":"FHD1","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":172,"st_lo":154.8,"st_hi":189.2,"st_el":"Upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Carretero et al. (2012); Arsuaga et al. (2015). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Kebara 9","sex":"F","mya":0.06,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Israel","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":158,"st_lo":157.4,"st_hi":158.5,"st_el":"Foot (MtIV max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Courtaud (1989). Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"Regourdou 1","sex":"M?","mya":0.066,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"France","bm":64.4,"bm_lo":51.5,"bm_hi":77.3,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":162.3,"st_lo":146.1,"st_hi":178.5,"st_el":"Upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Vandermeersch & Trinkaus (1995) and own data. Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"Regourdou 2","sex":"M","mya":0.066,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"France","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":181.2,"st_lo":180.4,"st_hi":182,"st_el":"Foot (Calcaneus max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Own measurements. Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"Subalyuk 1","sex":"F","mya":0.066,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Hungary","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":160.5,"st_lo":159,"st_hi":161.8,"st_el":"Foot (MtII/IV max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Bartucz (1940). Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"Liujiang 1","sex":"F","mya":0.07,"taxon":"MP Homo sapiens","country":"China","bm":42.7,"bm_lo":34.2,"bm_hi":51.2,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Trinkaus & Ruff 2012)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Estimate from Trinkaus et al. (2014)"},{"specimen":"Combe Grenal 30","sex":null,"mya":0.07,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"France","bm":63.5,"bm_lo":50.8,"bm_hi":76.2,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Garralda & Vandermeersch (2000). BM own estimations from McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"Moula Guercy M-D2-587","sex":null,"mya":0.072,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"France","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":173,"st_lo":167.3,"st_hi":178.8,"st_el":"Foot (MtII max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Mersey et al (2013). Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"Ngandong B (tibia)","sex":null,"mya":0.075,"taxon":"?","country":"Java","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":169.1,"st_lo":152.2,"st_hi":186,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Estimate from Carretero et al. (2012)"},{"specimen":"LB1","sex":"F","mya":0.08,"taxon":"Homo floresiensis","country":"Indonesia","bm":34.1,"bm_lo":27.3,"bm_hi":40.9,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":104.2,"st_lo":100,"st_hi":109,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (Classic calibration ; Baab et al. 2016)","source":"Measurements from Brown et al. (2004); Jungers et al. (2009); Morwood et al (2004). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"Qafzeh 3","sex":"F","mya":0.091,"taxon":"MP Homo sapiens","country":"Israel","bm":46.7,"bm_lo":37.4,"bm_hi":56.1,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":164.8,"st_lo":148.3,"st_hi":181.3,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Vandermeersch (1981). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"Qafzeh 7","sex":"F","mya":0.091,"taxon":"MP Homo sapiens","country":"Israel","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":171.8,"st_lo":154.6,"st_hi":189,"st_el":"Upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Vandermeersch (1981). Stature own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) formulae"},{"specimen":"Qafzeh 8","sex":"M","mya":0.091,"taxon":"MP Homo sapiens","country":"Israel","bm":59.9,"bm_lo":47.9,"bm_hi":71.9,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":191.4,"st_lo":172.3,"st_hi":210.5,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Vandermeersch (1981). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"Qafzeh 9","sex":"F","mya":0.091,"taxon":"MP Homo sapiens","country":"Israel","bm":64.4,"bm_lo":51.5,"bm_hi":77.3,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":172.5,"st_lo":155.3,"st_hi":189.8,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Vandermeersch (1981). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Klasies River (Mt I)","sex":"M","mya":0.1,"taxon":"MP Homo sapiens","country":"South Africa","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":164.1,"st_lo":163.3,"st_hi":165,"st_el":"Foot (MtI max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Rightmire et al. (2006). Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"Klasies River (Mt II)","sex":null,"mya":0.1,"taxon":"MP Homo sapiens","country":"South Africa","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":178.6,"st_lo":172.3,"st_hi":185,"st_el":"Foot (MtII max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Rightmire et al. (2006). Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"Kiik-Koba 1","sex":"M","mya":0.1,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Russia","bm":80.2,"bm_lo":64.1,"bm_hi":96.2,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":162.7,"st_lo":146.4,"st_hi":179,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurementes from Bonch-Osmolovski (1954) and own data. Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"Skhul 3","sex":"M","mya":0.119,"taxon":"MP Homo sapiens","country":"Israel","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":180.6,"st_lo":162.5,"st_hi":198.7,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurementes from Endo & kimura (1970). Stature own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) formulae"},{"specimen":"Skhul 4","sex":"M","mya":0.119,"taxon":"MP Homo sapiens","country":"Israel","bm":72.4,"bm_lo":57.9,"bm_hi":86.8,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":182,"st_lo":163.8,"st_hi":200.2,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurementes from McCown & Keith (1939). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Skhul 5","sex":"M","mya":0.119,"taxon":"MP Homo sapiens","country":"Israel","bm":76.9,"bm_lo":61.5,"bm_hi":92.3,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":181.6,"st_lo":163.4,"st_hi":199.8,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurementes from McCown & Keith (1939). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Skhul 6","sex":"M","mya":0.119,"taxon":"MP Homo sapiens","country":"Israel","bm":69,"bm_lo":55.2,"bm_hi":82.8,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":177.9,"st_lo":160.1,"st_hi":195.7,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurementes from McCown & Keith (1939). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Skhul 7","sex":"F","mya":0.119,"taxon":"MP Homo sapiens","country":"Israel","bm":57.9,"bm_lo":46.3,"bm_hi":69.5,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":158.5,"st_lo":142.7,"st_hi":174.4,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurementes from McCown & Keith (1939). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"Skhul 9","sex":"M","mya":0.119,"taxon":"MP Homo sapiens","country":"Israel","bm":74,"bm_lo":59.2,"bm_hi":88.7,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurementes from Ruff et al. (1997). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Krapina 207","sex":"M","mya":0.13,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Croatia","bm":66,"bm_lo":52.8,"bm_hi":79.2,"bm_el":"FHD1","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurementes from Arsuaga et al. (2015). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Krapina 208","sex":null,"mya":0.13,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Croatia","bm":68.5,"bm_lo":54.8,"bm_hi":82.2,"bm_el":"FHD1","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurementes from Arsuaga et al. (2015). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Krapina 209","sex":null,"mya":0.13,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Croatia","bm":67.4,"bm_lo":53.9,"bm_hi":80.8,"bm_el":"FHD1","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurementes from Arsuaga et al. (2015). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Krapina 213","sex":null,"mya":0.13,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Croatia","bm":83,"bm_lo":66.4,"bm_hi":99.6,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurementes from Ruff et al. (1997). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Krapina 214","sex":null,"mya":0.13,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Croatia","bm":63.7,"bm_lo":51,"bm_hi":76.5,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurementes from Ruff et al. (1997). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Krapina foot A2","sex":"F","mya":0.13,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Croatia","bm":59.2,"bm_lo":47.3,"bm_hi":71,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":163.2,"st_lo":159.2,"st_hi":166.9,"st_el":"Foot (Talus/MtI/MtIII/MtIV max length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Own measurements. Stature and BM own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"Krapina 236","sex":"F","mya":0.13,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Croatia","bm":59.7,"bm_lo":47.8,"bm_hi":71.7,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":160,"st_lo":159.1,"st_hi":161,"st_el":"Foot (Talar max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Own measurements. Stature and BM own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"Krapina 237","sex":"M","mya":0.13,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Croatia","bm":77.5,"bm_lo":62,"bm_hi":93,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":171.1,"st_lo":170.6,"st_hi":171.6,"st_el":"Foot (Talar max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (1975a; 1975b). Stature and BM own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"Krapina 238.1","sex":null,"mya":0.13,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Croatia","bm":53,"bm_lo":42.4,"bm_hi":63.5,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (1975b). BM own estimations from McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"Krapina 238.2+238.7","sex":null,"mya":0.13,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Croatia","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":164.2,"st_lo":158.4,"st_hi":169.7,"st_el":"Foot (Talar max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (1975b). Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"Krapina 248.1","sex":null,"mya":0.13,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Croatia","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":169.9,"st_lo":163.9,"st_hi":176.1,"st_el":"Foot (MtIV max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (1975b). Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"Lezetxiki","sex":"M","mya":0.164,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Spain","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":166.8,"st_lo":150.1,"st_hi":183.5,"st_el":"Upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Basabe (1966). Stature own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) formulae"},{"specimen":"Tabun C1","sex":"F","mya":0.17,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Israel","bm":54.2,"bm_lo":43.4,"bm_hi":65.1,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":153.1,"st_lo":137.8,"st_hi":168.4,"st_el":"Lower and upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from McCown & Keith (1939). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Omo Kibish 1","sex":"F?","mya":0.195,"taxon":"MP Homo sapiens","country":"Ethiopia","bm":54.1,"bm_lo":43.3,"bm_hi":64.9,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":163.3,"st_lo":162.3,"st_hi":164.2,"st_el":"Foot (Talar max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pearson et al. (2008). Stature and BM own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"Jinniushan 1","sex":"F","mya":0.2,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"China","bm":77.4,"bm_lo":61.9,"bm_hi":92.8,"bm_el":"FHD1","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":168.8,"st_lo":151.9,"st_hi":185.7,"st_el":"Upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Rosenberg et al. (2006). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Le Prince 1 (coxal)","sex":"F","mya":0.2,"taxon":"?","country":"France","bm":76.2,"bm_lo":61,"bm_hi":91.5,"bm_el":"FHD1","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from de Lumley (1972). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Sedia del Diavolo 2","sex":"F","mya":0.25,"taxon":"H. neanderthalensis","country":"Italy","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":159.7,"st_lo":159,"st_hi":160.3,"st_el":"Foot (MtII max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Mallegni & Busoni (1986). Stature estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"U.W. 101-00213","sex":null,"mya":0.286,"taxon":"Homo naledi","country":"South Africa","bm":35.7,"bm_lo":42.8,"bm_hi":28.6,"bm_el":"Femur (Mean of Subtrochanteric & Midshaft diam. AP/ML)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"For body mass: average (AVG) value from Garvin et al. (2017): Table 2. Measurements and estimates from Garvin et al. (2017)."},{"specimen":"U.W. 101-00313","sex":null,"mya":0.286,"taxon":"Homo naledi","country":"South Africa","bm":43.5,"bm_lo":52.2,"bm_hi":34.8,"bm_el":"Femur (Mean of Subtrochanteric & Midshaft diam. AP/ML)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"For body mass: average (AVG) value from Garvin et al. (2017): Table 2. Measurements and estimates from Garvin et al. (2017)."},{"specimen":"U.W. 101-01813","sex":null,"mya":0.286,"taxon":"Homo naledi","country":"South Africa","bm":34.3,"bm_lo":41.2,"bm_hi":27.4,"bm_el":"Femur (Mean of Subtrochanteric AP/ML)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"For body mass: average (AVG) value from Garvin et al. (2017): Table 2. Measurements and estimates from Garvin et al. (2017)."},{"specimen":"U.W. 101-39813","sex":null,"mya":0.286,"taxon":"Homo naledi","country":"South Africa","bm":35.3,"bm_lo":42.4,"bm_hi":28.2,"bm_el":"Femur (Mean of Subtrochanteric AP/ML)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"For body mass: average (AVG) value from Garvin et al. (2017): Table 2. Measurements and estimates from Garvin et al. (2017)."},{"specimen":"U.W. 101-113613","sex":null,"mya":0.286,"taxon":"Homo naledi","country":"South Africa","bm":33.5,"bm_lo":40.2,"bm_hi":26.8,"bm_el":"Femur (Mean of Subtrochanteric AP/ML)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"For body mass: average (AVG) value from Garvin et al. (2017): Table 2. Measurements and estimates from Garvin et al. (2017)."},{"specimen":"U.W. 101-139113","sex":null,"mya":0.286,"taxon":"Homo naledi","country":"South Africa","bm":36.1,"bm_lo":43.3,"bm_hi":28.9,"bm_el":"Femur (Mean of Subtrochanteric & Midshaft diam. AP/ML)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"For body mass: average (AVG) value from Garvin et al. (2017): Table 2. Measurements and estimates from Garvin et al. (2017)."},{"specimen":"U.W. 101-147513","sex":null,"mya":0.286,"taxon":"Homo naledi","country":"South Africa","bm":39.7,"bm_lo":47.6,"bm_hi":31.8,"bm_el":"Femur (Mean of Subtrochanteric AP/ML)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"For body mass: average (AVG) value from Garvin et al. (2017): Table 2. Measurements and estimates from Garvin et al. (2017)."},{"specimen":"U.W. 101-148213","sex":null,"mya":0.286,"taxon":"Homo naledi","country":"South Africa","bm":42.1,"bm_lo":50.5,"bm_hi":33.7,"bm_el":"Femur (Mean of Subtrochanteric & Midshaft diam. AP/ML)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"For body mass: average (AVG) value from Garvin et al. (2017): Table 2. Measurements and estimates from Garvin et al. (2017)."},{"specimen":"U.W. 101-484","sex":null,"mya":0.286,"taxon":"Homo naledi","country":"South Africa","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":143.2,"st_lo":139,"st_hi":147.9,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (Jungers et al. 2016)","source":"Measurements and values from Garvin et al. (2017): Table 7, calculated after Jungers et al. (2016)"},{"specimen":"U.W. 101-283","sex":null,"mya":0.286,"taxon":"Homo naledi","country":"South Africa","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":141.1,"st_lo":129.8,"st_hi":155.6,"st_el":"Upper limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (Garvin et al. 2017))","source":"Measurements and values from Garvin et al. (2017): Table 7; Average values of Kulubnarti and Dart African population regressions"},{"specimen":"Broken Hill E689 (Femur)","sex":null,"mya":0.4,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Zambia","bm":75.8,"bm_lo":60.6,"bm_hi":90.9,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Ruff et al. (1997). BM estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Broken Hill E691 (Tibia)","sex":"M?","mya":0.4,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Zambia","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":184.2,"st_lo":165.8,"st_hi":202.6,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus (2009). Stature own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) formulae"},{"specimen":"Broken Hill E907 (Femur)","sex":null,"mya":0.4,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Zambia","bm":82.6,"bm_lo":66.1,"bm_hi":99.1,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Ruff et al. (1997). BM estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"ThI94-UA28-7","sex":null,"mya":0.4,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Thomas Quarry (Morocco)","bm":59.8,"bm_lo":45.6,"bm_hi":72.5,"bm_el":"Long bone (Femoral AP/ML diam.)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Daujeard et al. 2016 (Table 1); estimated with own regressions (Will & Stock, 2015; Femoral AP/ML diameters)"},{"specimen":"AT-489","sex":null,"mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":166.2,"st_lo":161.2,"st_hi":171.1,"st_el":"Foot (Calcaneus max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (2014). Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"AT-575","sex":null,"mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":64.8,"bm_lo":51.8,"bm_hi":77.8,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":166.9,"st_lo":161.9,"st_hi":171.5,"st_el":"Foot (Talar max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (2013b). Stature and BM own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"AT-800 (coxal)","sex":"M","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":75.8,"bm_lo":60.6,"bm_hi":90.9,"bm_el":"FHD1","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Arsuaga et al. (1999). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"AT-835+AT-2501 (coxal)","sex":"M","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":77.8,"bm_lo":62.2,"bm_hi":93.4,"bm_el":"FHD1","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Arsuaga et al. (1999). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"AT-859","sex":null,"mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":63.8,"bm_lo":51,"bm_hi":76.6,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (2013b). BM own estimations from McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"AT-860","sex":"F","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":62.5,"bm_lo":50,"bm_hi":75,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":161,"st_lo":160.1,"st_hi":161.9,"st_el":"Foot (Talar max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (2013b). Stature and BM own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"AT-1004 (coxal)","sex":"F","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":66.2,"bm_lo":53,"bm_hi":79.5,"bm_el":"FHD1","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Arsuaga et al. (1999). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"AT-1480","sex":null,"mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":72.4,"bm_lo":57.9,"bm_hi":86.9,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (2013b). BM own estimations from McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"AT-1700","sex":null,"mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":170.9,"st_lo":167.2,"st_hi":174.2,"st_el":"Foot (Talar max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (2013b). Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"AT-1832","sex":null,"mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":65.8,"bm_lo":52.6,"bm_hi":79,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (2013b). BM own estimations from McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"AT-1930","sex":"F","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":66.1,"bm_lo":52.9,"bm_hi":79.3,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":162.8,"st_lo":161.8,"st_hi":163.7,"st_el":"Foot (Talar max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (2013b). Stature and BM own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"AT-2350 (coxal)","sex":"M","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":75.8,"bm_lo":60.6,"bm_hi":90.9,"bm_el":"FHD1","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Arsuaga et al. (1999). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"AT-2466","sex":"F","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":160,"st_lo":158.9,"st_hi":161.1,"st_el":"Foot (Calcaneus max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (2014). Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"AT-2803","sex":"M","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":80.3,"bm_lo":64.2,"bm_hi":96.4,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":174,"st_lo":173.6,"st_hi":174.5,"st_el":"Foot (Talar max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (2013b). Stature and BM own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"AT-3130","sex":null,"mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":165.1,"st_lo":159.9,"st_hi":170.1,"st_el":"Foot (Calcaneus max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (2014). Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"AT-3131","sex":null,"mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":165.1,"st_lo":159.8,"st_hi":170,"st_el":"Foot (Calcaneus max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (2014). Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"AT-3132","sex":"F","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":75.6,"bm_lo":60.5,"bm_hi":90.7,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":164.3,"st_lo":163.3,"st_hi":165.2,"st_el":"Foot (Talar max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (2013b). Stature and BM own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"AT-3133","sex":null,"mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":58.5,"bm_lo":46.8,"bm_hi":70.2,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":166.3,"st_lo":161.6,"st_hi":171.3,"st_el":"Foot (Talar max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (2013b). Stature and BM own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"AT-4425","sex":"F","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":72.1,"bm_lo":57.7,"bm_hi":86.5,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":163.6,"st_lo":162.6,"st_hi":164.5,"st_el":"Foot (Talar max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (2013b). Stature and BM own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"SH Pelvis 110","sex":"M","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":78.7,"bm_lo":63,"bm_hi":94.5,"bm_el":"FHD1","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Arsuaga et al. (1999); Bonmatí et al. (2010). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"SH Coxal 1 (Coxal)","sex":"F","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":56.9,"bm_lo":45.6,"bm_hi":68.3,"bm_el":"FHD1","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Arsuaga et al. (1999). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"SH Femur IV/V","sex":null,"mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":69,"bm_lo":55.2,"bm_hi":82.8,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Arsuaga et al. (2015). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"SH Femur X","sex":"M","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":83.3,"bm_lo":66.6,"bm_hi":99.9,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":170,"st_lo":153,"st_hi":187,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Arsuaga et al. (2015); Carretero et al. (2012). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"SH Femur XI","sex":"F","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":58.3,"bm_lo":46.6,"bm_hi":70,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Arsuaga et al. (2015). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"SH Femur XII/XIII","sex":"M","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":73.8,"bm_lo":59,"bm_hi":88.6,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":167.8,"st_lo":151,"st_hi":184.6,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Arsuaga et al. (2015); Carretero et al. (2012). Stature and BM own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) and Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"SH Femur XVI","sex":"F","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":56.9,"bm_lo":45.6,"bm_hi":68.3,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Arsuaga et al. (2015). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"SH Tibia I","sex":"F","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":157.9,"st_lo":142.1,"st_hi":173.7,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Estimate from Carretero et al. (2012)"},{"specimen":"SH Tibia III / AT-848 (Tibia)","sex":"M","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":171.7,"st_lo":154.5,"st_hi":188.9,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Estimate from Carretero et al. (2012)"},{"specimen":"SH Tibia IV","sex":"F","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":154.3,"st_lo":138.9,"st_hi":169.7,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Estimate from Carretero et al. (2012)"},{"specimen":"SH Tibia VI","sex":"M","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":164.5,"st_lo":148.1,"st_hi":181,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Estimate from Carretero et al. (2012)"},{"specimen":"SH Tibia XI","sex":"M","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":162.8,"st_lo":146.5,"st_hi":179.1,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Estimate from Carretero et al. (2012)"},{"specimen":"SH Tibia XII","sex":"M","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":168.4,"st_lo":151.6,"st_hi":185.2,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Estimate from Carretero et al. (2012)"},{"specimen":"SH Fibula I","sex":"M","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":162.3,"st_lo":146.1,"st_hi":178.5,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Estimate from Carretero et al. (2012)"},{"specimen":"SH Fibula II","sex":"F","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":153.7,"st_lo":138.3,"st_hi":169.1,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Estimate from Carretero et al. (2012)"},{"specimen":"SH Fibula III","sex":"M","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":164.5,"st_lo":148.1,"st_hi":181,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Estimate from Carretero et al. (2012)"},{"specimen":"SH foot association 13","sex":"M","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":72.9,"bm_lo":58.4,"bm_hi":87.5,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":173.7,"st_lo":171.5,"st_hi":175.9,"st_el":"Foot (Talus/Calcaneus max. Length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (2013b; 2014). Stature and BM own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"SH foot association 24","sex":"F","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":57.6,"bm_lo":46.1,"bm_hi":69.1,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":161.3,"st_lo":158.6,"st_hi":163.3,"st_el":"Foot (Talus/Calcaneus max. Length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (2013b; 2014). Stature and BM own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"SH foot association 35","sex":"M","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":175.6,"st_lo":174.1,"st_hi":177,"st_el":"Foot (Talus/Calcaneus max. Length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (2014). Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"SH foot association 56","sex":"M","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":90.7,"bm_lo":72.6,"bm_hi":108.8,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":175.3,"st_lo":174.5,"st_hi":176.1,"st_el":"Foot (Talus max. Length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (2013b). Stature and BM own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"SH foot association 77","sex":"M","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":177.8,"st_lo":176.2,"st_hi":179.3,"st_el":"Foot (Calcaneus max. Length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (2014). Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"SH foot association 88","sex":"M","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":65.7,"bm_lo":52.6,"bm_hi":78.8,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":173.6,"st_lo":171.2,"st_hi":176.4,"st_el":"Foot (Talus/Calcaneus max. Length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (2013b; 2014). Stature and BM own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"SH foot association 99","sex":"F","mya":0.43,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"Sima Huesos; Spain","bm":62.6,"bm_lo":50,"bm_hi":75.1,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":159.8,"st_lo":156.5,"st_hi":163.3,"st_el":"Foot (Talus/Calcaneus max. Length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (2013b; 2014). Stature and BM own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"Arago 44","sex":null,"mya":0.475,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"France","bm":79.6,"bm_lo":63.7,"bm_hi":95.5,"bm_el":"FHD1","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Arsuaga et al. (2015). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"Boxgrove","sex":"M","mya":0.5,"taxon":"Mid-Pleistocene Homo","country":"England","bm":82.8,"bm_lo":67.3,"bm_hi":99.1,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":175.3,"st_lo":171.7,"st_hi":178.9,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; sex-specific; Trotter & Gleser 1952)","source":"Measurements from Stringer et al. (1998);  estimated body mass from own regressions (Will & Stock, 2015; from tibia circumference); Stature estimate from Stringer et al. (1998: Table 9) using the sex-specific and Euro-American formulae from Trotter & Gleser (1952)"},{"specimen":"Sambungmacan 2","sex":null,"mya":0.5,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"Sambungmacan","bm":68.2,"bm_lo":61.9,"bm_hi":83.7,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":165.1,"st_lo":154.1,"st_hi":176.9,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Measurements from Baba et al. (1990); Stature and BM estimated from own regressions (Will & Stock, 2015; tibia circumference)"},{"specimen":"KNM-BK 66","sex":null,"mya":0.65,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"Kenya","bm":55.9,"bm_lo":40.7,"bm_hi":68.8,"bm_el":"Upper limb (Ulna)","bm_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":165,"st_lo":157.1,"st_hi":173.6,"st_el":"Upper limb (Ulna)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Masurements from Solan & Day (1992); Stature and BM calculated from own regressions  (Will & Stock, 2015; from U1 and U17)"},{"specimen":"OH 28","sex":"F","mya":0.7,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"Olduvai Gorge","bm":62.2,"bm_lo":37.2,"bm_hi":103.8,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":164.8,"st_lo":161,"st_hi":168.6,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; sex-specific; Trotter & Gleser 1952)","source":"Multivariate body mass estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015); Stature estimate from from Stringer et al. (1998: Table 9) using the sex-specific and Afro-American formulae from Trotter & Gleser (1952)"},{"specimen":"Gesher Benot Ya'acov 1","sex":null,"mya":0.7,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"Israel","bm":52,"bm_lo":37.3,"bm_hi":64.7,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":149.9,"st_lo":146.1,"st_hi":155,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus & Ruff (2012; estimated max. Femur length);  BM and stature estimates calculated from own regressions (Will & Stock, 2015) "},{"specimen":"Ain Maarouf 1","sex":null,"mya":0.7,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"Ain Marouu (Morocco)","bm":53.3,"bm_lo":38.5,"bm_hi":66.2,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":151.2,"st_lo":145.8,"st_hi":155.9,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Measurements from Trinkaus & Ruff (2002; estimated max. Femur length); estimates calculated from own regressions (Will & Stock, 2015); Dating after Hublin (2002)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 999","sex":null,"mya":0.75,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"Kenya","bm":null,"bm_lo":null,"bm_hi":null,"bm_el":null,"bm_method":null,"st":176.5,"st_lo":158.9,"st_hi":194.2,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Measurements from Geissmann (1986). Stature own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) formulae"},{"specimen":"Zhoukoudian Femur 112","sex":null,"mya":0.77,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"China","bm":54.8,"bm_lo":32.9,"bm_hi":91.2,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":154.3,"st_lo":138.9,"st_hi":169.7,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Body mass multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015); Measurements from Heim (1982). Stature own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) formulae."},{"specimen":"Zhoukoudian Femur 4","sex":null,"mya":0.77,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"China","bm":54.3,"bm_lo":32.5,"bm_hi":90.7,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":156.2,"st_lo":140.6,"st_hi":171.8,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Body mass multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015); Measurements from Heim (1982). Stature own estimations from Carretero et al. (2012) formulae. "},{"specimen":"Zhoukoudian VI","sex":null,"mya":0.77,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"Zhoukoudian","bm":51.6,"bm_lo":30.8,"bm_hi":86.4,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"Trinil I","sex":"M","mya":0.9,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"Trinil","bm":51.7,"bm_lo":31,"bm_hi":86,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":171.1,"st_lo":154,"st_hi":188.2,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (RMA; Sjøvold 1990)","source":"Body mass multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015); Stature estimate from Carretero et al. (2012)"},{"specimen":"Trinil II","sex":null,"mya":0.9,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"Trinil","bm":50,"bm_lo":30,"bm_hi":83.2,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"Trinil III","sex":null,"mya":0.9,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"Trinil","bm":49.3,"bm_lo":29.6,"bm_hi":82.3,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"Trinil IV","sex":null,"mya":0.9,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"Trinil","bm":51.8,"bm_lo":30.9,"bm_hi":86.7,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"TD6 Hominin 1011","sex":"M","mya":0.925,"taxon":"Homo antecessor","country":"Spain","bm":76,"bm_lo":60.8,"bm_hi":91.2,"bm_el":"Foot (Trochlear breadth - M5)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":174.5,"st_lo":157.1,"st_hi":191.1,"st_el":"Foot (Talus/MtII max. length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Measurements from Pablos et al. (2012). Stature and BM own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) and McHenry (1992) formulae"},{"specimen":"OH 34","sex":null,"mya":0.975,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"Olduvai Gorge","bm":55.3,"bm_lo":44.2,"bm_hi":66.4,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":160.5,"st_lo":155.1,"st_hi":166.2,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Measurements from Day & Molleson (1976); Stature and BM estimates calculated from own regression  (Will & Stock, 2015)"},{"specimen":"BSN49/P27 (Gona pelvis)","sex":"F","mya":1.15,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"Ethiopia","bm":56.5,"bm_lo":45.2,"bm_hi":67.8,"bm_el":"FHD1","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Measurements from Simpson et al. (2008). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae"},{"specimen":"OH 80-12","sex":null,"mya":1.338,"taxon":"P. boisei","country":"Olduvai Gorge","bm":46.4,"bm_lo":27.9,"bm_hi":77.2,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Univariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"SKX 2045","sex":null,"mya":1.4,"taxon":"Early Homo","country":"Swartkrans","bm":62,"bm_lo":51,"bm_hi":76,"bm_el":"Upper limb (Long Bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":159.4,"st_lo":147.9,"st_hi":171.8,"st_el":"Upper limb (Long Bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"SKW 2954","sex":null,"mya":1.4,"taxon":"Early Homo","country":"Swartkrans","bm":32,"bm_lo":21,"bm_hi":44,"bm_el":"Upper limb (hand)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":135.8,"st_lo":124.4,"st_hi":149,"st_el":"Upper limb (hand)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"SKX 3342","sex":null,"mya":1.4,"taxon":"Early Homo","country":"Swartkrans","bm":34,"bm_lo":20,"bm_hi":55,"bm_el":"Vertebral column","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":145.8,"st_lo":129,"st_hi":165,"st_el":"Vertebral column","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"KNM-WT 15000 (adult)","sex":"M","mya":1.47,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":81,"bm_lo":64.8,"bm_hi":97.2,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Adult projected estimated (Ruff & Burgess, 2015)","st":178,"st_lo":171,"st_hi":185,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Adult projected estimated (Ruff & Burgess, 2015)","source":"Aduld projected estimate by Ruff and Burgess (2015)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 803","sex":null,"mya":1.5,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":69,"bm_lo":59,"bm_hi":82,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":156.7,"st_lo":152.4,"st_hi":160.7,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 1463","sex":null,"mya":1.53,"taxon":"P. boisei?","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":47.6,"bm_lo":38.1,"bm_hi":57.1,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":116,"st_lo":104.4,"st_hi":127.6,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Femur-stature ratio (Feldesman et al. 1990)","source":"Estimates from McHenry (1991; 1992)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 1465","sex":null,"mya":1.53,"taxon":"P. boisei?","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":43.4,"bm_lo":26.1,"bm_hi":72.2,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 993","sex":null,"mya":1.53,"taxon":"P. boisei?","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":33.5,"bm_lo":20,"bm_hi":56.3,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":137,"st_lo":123.3,"st_hi":150.7,"st_el":"Femur length","st_method":"Femur-stature ratio (Feldesman et al. 1990)","source":"Multivariate body mass estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015) / Stature estimate from McHenry (1991)"},{"specimen":"Stw 311","sex":null,"mya":2.4,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Sterkfontein","bm":42,"bm_lo":34,"bm_hi":50,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":149.5,"st_lo":138.6,"st_hi":160.9,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"Stw 567","sex":null,"mya":1.55,"taxon":"Early Homo","country":"Sterkfontein","bm":56,"bm_lo":41,"bm_hi":69,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":156.5,"st_lo":143.5,"st_hi":170.9,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 736","sex":null,"mya":1.58,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":80,"bm_lo":67,"bm_hi":93,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":172.6,"st_lo":166.5,"st_hi":178.5,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 737","sex":null,"mya":1.6,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":78,"bm_lo":66,"bm_hi":91,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":167.4,"st_lo":161.5,"st_hi":173.1,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 741","sex":null,"mya":1.6,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":60,"bm_lo":42,"bm_hi":78,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":158.3,"st_lo":152.8,"st_hi":163.2,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 1808","sex":null,"mya":1.6,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":79,"bm_lo":59,"bm_hi":82,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":173.2,"st_lo":167,"st_hi":178.5,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 164","sex":null,"mya":1.65,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":60,"bm_lo":66,"bm_hi":92,"bm_el":"Vertebral column","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":160.8,"st_lo":146.1,"st_hi":177.3,"st_el":"Vertebral column","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 5428","sex":null,"mya":1.65,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":61,"bm_lo":52,"bm_hi":72,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Foot)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":162.7,"st_lo":153.9,"st_hi":171.7,"st_el":"Lower limb (Foot)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"Stw 571","sex":null,"mya":1.65,"taxon":"Early Homo","country":"Sterkfontein","bm":45,"bm_lo":35,"bm_hi":61,"bm_el":"Upper limb (Long Bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":158.7,"st_lo":144.9,"st_hi":174.1,"st_el":"Upper limb (Long Bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"SK 18b","sex":null,"mya":1.65,"taxon":"Early Homo","country":"Swartkrans","bm":56,"bm_lo":42,"bm_hi":68,"bm_el":"Upper limb (Long Bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":151.5,"st_lo":144.5,"st_hi":159.4,"st_el":"Upper limb (Long Bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"SK 84","sex":null,"mya":1.65,"taxon":"Early Homo","country":"Swartkrans","bm":35,"bm_lo":27,"bm_hi":46,"bm_el":"Upper limb (hand)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":141.4,"st_lo":130.5,"st_hi":153.8,"st_el":"Upper limb (hand)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"SK 85","sex":null,"mya":1.65,"taxon":"Early Homo","country":"Swartkrans","bm":35,"bm_lo":24,"bm_hi":52,"bm_el":"Upper limb (hand)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":139.4,"st_lo":127.9,"st_hi":152.7,"st_el":"Upper limb (hand)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"SK 1896","sex":null,"mya":1.65,"taxon":"Early Homo","country":"Swartkrans","bm":53,"bm_lo":39,"bm_hi":66,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":153.1,"st_lo":141.5,"st_hi":165.5,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"SKX 34805","sex":null,"mya":1.65,"taxon":"Early Homo","country":"Swartkrans","bm":43,"bm_lo":35,"bm_hi":55,"bm_el":"Upper limb (Long Bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":148,"st_lo":137.9,"st_hi":159,"st_el":"Upper limb (Long Bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"SKX 42695","sex":null,"mya":1.65,"taxon":"Early Homo","country":"Swartkrans","bm":53,"bm_lo":38,"bm_hi":64,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Foot)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":150.6,"st_lo":140.5,"st_hi":161.7,"st_el":"Lower limb (Foot)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"OH 8","sex":null,"mya":1.75,"taxon":"Homo habilis","country":"Olduvai Gorge","bm":41,"bm_lo":30,"bm_hi":54,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Foot)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":133.8,"st_lo":123.6,"st_hi":144.7,"st_el":"Lower limb (Foot)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"OH 35","sex":null,"mya":1.75,"taxon":"Homo habilis","country":"Olduvai Gorge","bm":45,"bm_lo":34,"bm_hi":60,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":137.1,"st_lo":132.3,"st_hi":141.5,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"OH 48","sex":null,"mya":1.75,"taxon":"Homo habilis","country":"Olduvai Gorge","bm":65,"bm_lo":52,"bm_hi":81,"bm_el":"Upper limb (clavicle)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":161.7,"st_lo":150.6,"st_hi":174.2,"st_el":"Upper limb (clavicle)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"OH 49","sex":null,"mya":1.75,"taxon":"Homo habilis","country":"Olduvai Gorge","bm":58,"bm_lo":44,"bm_hi":72,"bm_el":"Upper limb (Long Bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":156.7,"st_lo":144.8,"st_hi":170.3,"st_el":"Upper limb (Long Bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"OH 53","sex":null,"mya":1.75,"taxon":"Homo habilis","country":"Olduvai Gorge","bm":53,"bm_lo":40,"bm_hi":63,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":143.4,"st_lo":138.3,"st_hi":148.3,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"OH 62","sex":null,"mya":1.75,"taxon":"Homo habilis","country":"Olduvai Gorge","bm":38,"bm_lo":30,"bm_hi":51,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":148.4,"st_lo":143.2,"st_hi":153.5,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 815","sex":null,"mya":1.77,"taxon":"P. boisei?","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":40.9,"bm_lo":24.5,"bm_hi":68.1,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"D2600 (D4167)","sex":null,"mya":1.8,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"Dmanisi","bm":53,"bm_lo":42,"bm_hi":64,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":146.7,"st_lo":142.7,"st_hi":150.5,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"D4111/D3442","sex":null,"mya":1.8,"taxon":"Homo erectus sl","country":"Dmanisi","bm":46,"bm_lo":31,"bm_hi":66,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Foot)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":152.7,"st_lo":135.8,"st_hi":171.4,"st_el":"Lower limb (Foot)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"OH 20","sex":null,"mya":1.803,"taxon":"P. boisei?","country":"Olduvai Gorge","bm":51.6,"bm_lo":31,"bm_hi":85.8,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 813","sex":null,"mya":1.85,"taxon":"Early Homo","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":50,"bm_lo":39,"bm_hi":61,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Foot)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":147.9,"st_lo":139.3,"st_hi":156.9,"st_el":"Lower limb (Foot)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"SK 3121","sex":null,"mya":1.85,"taxon":"P. robustus","country":"Swartkrans","bm":24,"bm_lo":14.1,"bm_hi":40.8,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"SK 3155B","sex":null,"mya":1.85,"taxon":"P. robustus","country":"Swartkrans","bm":29.1,"bm_lo":17.4,"bm_hi":48.6,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":110,"st_lo":99,"st_hi":121,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Femur-stature ratio (Feldesman et al. 1990)","source":"Univariate body mass estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015) /  Stature estimate from McHenry (1991)"},{"specimen":"SK 14024","sex":null,"mya":1.85,"taxon":"P. robustus","country":"Swartkrans","bm":27.6,"bm_lo":16.4,"bm_hi":46.2,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Univariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"SK 50","sex":null,"mya":1.85,"taxon":"P. robustus","country":"Swartkrans","bm":42.6,"bm_lo":26,"bm_hi":69.9,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Univariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"SK 82","sex":null,"mya":1.85,"taxon":"P. robustus","country":"Swartkrans","bm":30.8,"bm_lo":18.5,"bm_hi":51.4,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":126,"st_lo":113.4,"st_hi":138.6,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Femur-stature ratio (Feldesman et al. 1990)","source":"Multivariate body mass estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015) / Stature estimate from McHenry (1991)"},{"specimen":"SK 97","sex":null,"mya":1.85,"taxon":"P. robustus","country":"Swartkrans","bm":35.3,"bm_lo":21.4,"bm_hi":58.3,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":137,"st_lo":123.3,"st_hi":150.7,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Femur-stature ratio (Feldesman et al. 1990)","source":"Multivariate body mass estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015) / Stature estimate from McHenry (1991)"},{"specimen":"SKW 19","sex":null,"mya":1.85,"taxon":"P. robustus","country":"Swartkrans","bm":26,"bm_lo":15.4,"bm_hi":43.9,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Univariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"SWT1/LB-2","sex":null,"mya":1.85,"taxon":"P. robustus","country":"Swartkrans","bm":30.9,"bm_lo":18.6,"bm_hi":51.4,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 1476a","sex":null,"mya":1.88,"taxon":"P. boisei?","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":34.7,"bm_lo":20.2,"bm_hi":59.3,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":161.3,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":"Foot (Talar total length)","st_method":"Regression (LTS; Pablos et al. 2013a)","source":"Multivariate body mass estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015); For stature: Measurements from Pablos et al. (2012; in press). Stature own estimations from Pablos et al. (2013a) formulae"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 738","sex":null,"mya":1.88,"taxon":"P. boisei?","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":29.4,"bm_lo":17.7,"bm_hi":48.8,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":125,"st_lo":112.5,"st_hi":137.5,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Femur-stature ratio (Feldesman et al. 1990)","source":"Multivariate body mass estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015) / Stature estimate from McHenry (1991)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 1500d","sex":null,"mya":1.89,"taxon":"P. boisei?","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":28.4,"bm_lo":18.9,"bm_hi":42.8,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":116,"st_lo":104.4,"st_hi":127.6,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Femur-stature ratio (Feldesman et al. 1990)","source":"Multivariate body mass estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015) / Stature estimate from McHenry (1991)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 1503","sex":null,"mya":1.89,"taxon":"P. boisei?","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":30.5,"bm_lo":18.2,"bm_hi":51.2,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":131,"st_lo":117.9,"st_hi":144.1,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Femur-stature ratio (Feldesman et al. 1990)","source":"Multivariate body mass estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015) / Stature estimate from McHenry (1991)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 1505","sex":null,"mya":1.89,"taxon":"P. boisei?","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":32.4,"bm_lo":19.5,"bm_hi":53.7,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Univariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 3228","sex":null,"mya":1.9,"taxon":"Early Homo","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":66,"bm_lo":53,"bm_hi":79,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":168.1,"st_lo":155.8,"st_hi":181.1,"st_el":"Pelvis","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 3728","sex":null,"mya":1.9,"taxon":"Early Homo","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":64,"bm_lo":55,"bm_hi":75,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":151.2,"st_lo":145.8,"st_hi":155.9,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 3735","sex":null,"mya":1.9,"taxon":"Homo habilis","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":39,"bm_lo":31,"bm_hi":51,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":149.6,"st_lo":139.5,"st_hi":160.2,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 5881","sex":null,"mya":1.9,"taxon":"Early Homo","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":52,"bm_lo":39,"bm_hi":63,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":152.6,"st_lo":141,"st_hi":164.4,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 5882","sex":null,"mya":1.9,"taxon":"Early Homo","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":54,"bm_lo":40,"bm_hi":64,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":153.8,"st_lo":142.1,"st_hi":165.7,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 1481","sex":null,"mya":1.95,"taxon":"Early Homo","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":61,"bm_lo":49,"bm_hi":73,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":152.5,"st_lo":147,"st_hi":157.2,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"MH1","sex":null,"mya":1.977,"taxon":"Au. sediba (juv)","country":"Malapa (South Africa)","bm":29.7,"bm_lo":17.8,"bm_hi":49.4,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"MH2","sex":null,"mya":1.977,"taxon":"Au. sediba","country":"Malapa (South Africa)","bm":29.1,"bm_lo":19.4,"bm_hi":43.7,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"MH4","sex":null,"mya":1.977,"taxon":"Au. sediba","country":"Malapa (South Africa)","bm":22.7,"bm_lo":15,"bm_hi":34.5,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 1472","sex":null,"mya":2,"taxon":"Early Homo","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":53,"bm_lo":42,"bm_hi":64,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":153.7,"st_lo":148.2,"st_hi":158.5,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 1473","sex":null,"mya":2,"taxon":"Early Homo","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":68,"bm_lo":60,"bm_hi":78,"bm_el":"Upper limb (Long Bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":162.9,"st_lo":150.8,"st_hi":175.7,"st_el":"Upper limb (Long Bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"KNM-ER 1475","sex":null,"mya":2,"taxon":"Early Homo","country":"Koobi Fora","bm":59,"bm_lo":51,"bm_hi":68,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":156.7,"st_lo":145.5,"st_hi":170.1,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"Stw 598","sex":null,"mya":2.2,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Sterkfontein","bm":28.8,"bm_lo":17.2,"bm_hi":48.2,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Univariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"Omo 323-76-898","sex":null,"mya":2.2,"taxon":"Early Homo","country":"Omo","bm":54,"bm_lo":42,"bm_hi":64,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Foot)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","st":153.1,"st_lo":144.7,"st_hi":161.8,"st_el":"Lower limb (Foot)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Estimates from Will & Stock (2015)"},{"specimen":"Sts 14","sex":null,"mya":2.4,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Sterkfontein","bm":22.8,"bm_lo":13.4,"bm_hi":38.6,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":110,"st_lo":99,"st_hi":121,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Femur-stature ratio (Feldesman et al. 1990)","source":"Multivariate body mass estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015) / Stature estimate from McHenry (1991)"},{"specimen":"Sts 34","sex":null,"mya":2.4,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Sterkfontein","bm":38.6,"bm_lo":30.9,"bm_hi":46.3,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Body mass estimate from McHenry (1992)"},{"specimen":"Stw 102","sex":null,"mya":2.4,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Sterkfontein","bm":31.4,"bm_lo":25.1,"bm_hi":37.7,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Body mass estimate from McHenry (1992)"},{"specimen":"StW 121","sex":null,"mya":2.4,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Sterkfontein","bm":43.3,"bm_lo":25.8,"bm_hi":72.8,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"Stw 25","sex":null,"mya":2.4,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Sterkfontein","bm":29.1,"bm_lo":17.4,"bm_hi":48.6,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":120,"st_lo":108,"st_hi":132,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Femur-stature ratio (Feldesman et al. 1990)","source":"Univariate body mass estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015) / Stature estimate from McHenry (1991)"},{"specimen":"Stw 300","sex":null,"mya":2.4,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Sterkfontein","bm":30.2,"bm_lo":18.2,"bm_hi":50.4,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Univariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"Stw 31","sex":null,"mya":2.4,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Sterkfontein","bm":26.3,"bm_lo":15.6,"bm_hi":44.3,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Univariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"Stw 311","sex":null,"mya":2.4,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Sterkfontein","bm":33.9,"bm_lo":20.5,"bm_hi":56.1,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Univariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"Stw 358","sex":null,"mya":2.4,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Sterkfontein","bm":23.7,"bm_lo":19,"bm_hi":28.4,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Body mass estimate from McHenry (1992)"},{"specimen":"Stw 361","sex":null,"mya":2.4,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Sterkfontein","bm":24.6,"bm_lo":14.5,"bm_hi":41.7,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Univariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"Stw 392","sex":null,"mya":2.4,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Sterkfontein","bm":28.5,"bm_lo":17,"bm_hi":47.8,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":116,"st_lo":104.4,"st_hi":127.6,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Femur-stature ratio (Feldesman et al. 1990)","source":"Multivariate body mass estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015) / Stature estimate from McHenry (1991)"},{"specimen":"Stw 403","sex":null,"mya":2.4,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Sterkfontein","bm":27.3,"bm_lo":16.2,"bm_hi":45.8,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Univariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"Stw 431","sex":null,"mya":2.4,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Sterkfontein","bm":34.5,"bm_lo":20.9,"bm_hi":57,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Univariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"Stw 443","sex":null,"mya":2.4,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Sterkfontein","bm":34.3,"bm_lo":20.8,"bm_hi":56.8,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":134,"st_lo":128.7,"st_hi":147.4,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Femur-stature ratio (Feldesman et al. 1990)","source":"Univariate body mass estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015) / Stature estimate from McHenry (1991)"},{"specimen":"Stw 479","sex":null,"mya":2.4,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Sterkfontein","bm":27.1,"bm_lo":16.2,"bm_hi":45.6,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Univariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"Stw 501","sex":null,"mya":2.4,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Sterkfontein","bm":29.9,"bm_lo":18,"bm_hi":49.9,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Univariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"Stw 522","sex":null,"mya":2.4,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Sterkfontein","bm":26.3,"bm_lo":15.6,"bm_hi":44.2,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"Stw 527","sex":null,"mya":2.4,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Sterkfontein","bm":29.9,"bm_lo":18,"bm_hi":49.9,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Univariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"TM 1513","sex":null,"mya":2.4,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Kroomdrai","bm":32.9,"bm_lo":26.3,"bm_hi":39.5,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Body mass estimate from McHenry (1992)"},{"specimen":"Stw 99","sex":null,"mya":2.4,"taxon":"Au. Africanus","country":"Sterkfontein","bm":36.3,"bm_lo":21.9,"bm_hi":60.2,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":142,"st_lo":127.8,"st_hi":156.2,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Femur-stature ratio (Feldesman et al. 1990)","source":"Univariate body mass estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015) / Stature estimate from McHenry (1991)"},{"specimen":"BOU-VP-12/1","sex":null,"mya":2.5,"taxon":"Au. garhi","country":"Bouri (Ethiopia)","bm":36,"bm_lo":30,"bm_hi":43,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"?","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Mean of body mass estimate from Steudel-Numbers and Tilkens (2004) cited in Pontzer (2012: Table 1); Method unclear"},{"specimen":"EP1000/98","sex":null,"mya":2.66,"taxon":"P. aethiopicus?","country":"Laetol (Tanzania)","bm":31.7,"bm_lo":18.2,"bm_hi":55.3,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"MLD 17","sex":null,"mya":2.715,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Makapansgat","bm":36.8,"bm_lo":22.3,"bm_hi":60.6,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Univariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"MLD 25","sex":null,"mya":2.715,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Makapansgat","bm":33.9,"bm_lo":20.5,"bm_hi":56.1,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Univariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"MLD 46","sex":null,"mya":2.715,"taxon":"Au. africanus","country":"Makapansgat","bm":35.2,"bm_lo":21.3,"bm_hi":58.1,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"AL 827-1","sex":null,"mya":3.1,"taxon":"Au. afarensis","country":"Afar (Ethopia)","bm":38.2,"bm_lo":23.3,"bm_hi":62.5,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"AL 288-1","sex":null,"mya":3.2,"taxon":"Au. afarensis","country":"Afar (Ethopia)","bm":26,"bm_lo":17.2,"bm_hi":39.2,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":105,"st_lo":94.5,"st_hi":115.5,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Femur-stature ratio (Feldesman et al. 1990)","source":"Multivariate body mass estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015) / Stature estimate from McHenry (1991)"},{"specimen":"AL 330-6","sex":null,"mya":3.2,"taxon":"Au. afarensis","country":"Afar (Ethopia)","bm":40.7,"bm_lo":24.3,"bm_hi":68,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)+J283:L286"},{"specimen":"AL 333-131","sex":null,"mya":3.2,"taxon":"Au. afarensis","country":"Afar (Ethopia)","bm":63.6,"bm_lo":37.6,"bm_hi":107.4,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"AL 333-142","sex":null,"mya":3.2,"taxon":"Au. afarensis","country":"Afar (Ethopia)","bm":35.2,"bm_lo":21,"bm_hi":59,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"AL 333-3","sex":null,"mya":3.2,"taxon":"Au. afarensis","country":"Afar (Ethopia)","bm":38.5,"bm_lo":23.4,"bm_hi":63.5,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":151,"st_lo":135.9,"st_hi":166.1,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Femur-stature ratio (Feldesman et al. 1990)","source":"Multivariate body mass estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015) / Stature estimate from McHenry (1991)"},{"specimen":"AL 333-4","sex":null,"mya":3.2,"taxon":"Au. afarensis","country":"Afar (Ethopia)","bm":41.5,"bm_lo":33.2,"bm_hi":49.8,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Body mass estimate from McHenry (1992)"},{"specimen":"AL 333-6","sex":null,"mya":3.2,"taxon":"Au. afarensis","country":"Afar (Ethopia)","bm":33.7,"bm_lo":27,"bm_hi":40.4,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Body mass estimate from McHenry (1992)"},{"specimen":"AL 333-7","sex":null,"mya":3.2,"taxon":"Au. afarensis","country":"Afar (Ethopia)","bm":42.7,"bm_lo":34.2,"bm_hi":51.2,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Body mass estimate from McHenry (1992)"},{"specimen":"AL 333-95","sex":null,"mya":3.2,"taxon":"Au. afarensis","country":"Afar (Ethopia)","bm":49.7,"bm_lo":29.9,"bm_hi":82.7,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"AL 333w-40","sex":null,"mya":3.2,"taxon":"Au. afarensis","country":"Afar (Ethopia)","bm":55.2,"bm_lo":33.1,"bm_hi":92,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"AL 333w-43","sex":null,"mya":3.2,"taxon":"Au. afarensis","country":"Afar (Ethopia)","bm":24.5,"bm_lo":13.8,"bm_hi":43.6,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"AL 333x-26","sex":null,"mya":3.2,"taxon":"Au. afarensis","country":"Afar (Ethopia)","bm":39.5,"bm_lo":23.5,"bm_hi":66.5,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"AL 128-1","sex":null,"mya":3.3,"taxon":"Au. afarensis","country":"Afar (Ethopia)","bm":39.1,"bm_lo":31.3,"bm_hi":46.9,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Body mass estimate from McHenry (1992)"},{"specimen":"AL 129-1","sex":null,"mya":3.3,"taxon":"Au. afarensis","country":"Afar (Ethopia)","bm":28.5,"bm_lo":22.8,"bm_hi":34.2,"bm_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; McHenry 1992)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Body mass estimate from McHenry (1992)"},{"specimen":"AL 211-1","sex":null,"mya":3.3,"taxon":"Au. afarensis","country":"Afar (Ethopia)","bm":52.8,"bm_lo":31.7,"bm_hi":87.9,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"AL 152-2","sex":null,"mya":3.35,"taxon":"Au. afarensis","country":"Afar (Ethopia)","bm":28.6,"bm_lo":17.2,"bm_hi":47.6,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb) ","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"KSD-VP-1/1","sex":null,"mya":3.59,"taxon":"Au. afarensis","country":"Afar (Ethopia)","bm":40.9,"bm_lo":24.9,"bm_hi":67.1,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Univariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"KNM-KP 29285","sex":null,"mya":4.095,"taxon":"Au. anamensis","country":"Kanapoi (Kenya)","bm":46.3,"bm_lo":31.4,"bm_hi":68.4,"bm_el":"Multivariate (Lower limb)","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Multivariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"},{"specimen":"ARA-VP-6/500","sex":null,"mya":4.4,"taxon":"Ar. Ramidus","country":"Aramis (Ethiopia)","bm":32.1,"bm_lo":19.4,"bm_hi":53.3,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":121,"st_lo":117,"st_hi":124,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"No details (Lovejoy et al. 2009)","source":"Body mass estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015) regressed from acetabular diameter ; Stature from Lovejoy et al. (2009)"},{"specimen":"Berg Aukas","sex":null,"mya":null,"taxon":"?","country":"Namibia","bm":91.4,"bm_lo":73.1,"bm_hi":109.7,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (OLS; Grine et al. 1995)","st":173.5,"st_lo":161,"st_hi":187,"st_el":"Lower limb (Long bone)","st_method":"Regression (OLS; Will & Stock 2015)","source":"Measurements from Grine et al. (1995). BM own estimations from Arsuaga et al. (2015) formulae; Stature estimated from FHD by Will & Stock (2015) regressions"},{"specimen":"TM 1605","sex":null,"mya":null,"taxon":"P. robustus","country":"Kroomdrai","bm":39,"bm_lo":23.7,"bm_hi":64,"bm_el":"FHD","bm_method":"Mechanical (inverse calibration; Grabowski et al. 2015)","st":null,"st_lo":null,"st_hi":null,"st_el":null,"st_method":null,"source":"Univariate estimate from Grabowski et al. (2015)"}]